use alt signal stack when present for implementation-internal signals

a request for this behavior has been open for a long time. the
motivation is that application code, particularly under some language
runtimes designed around very-low-footprint coroutine type constructs,
may be operating with extremely small stack sizes unsuitable for
receiving signals, using a separate signal stack for any signals it
might handle.

progress on this was blocked at one point trying to determine whether
the implementation is actually entitled to clobber the alt stack, but
the phrasing "available to the implementation" in the POSIX spec for
sigaltstack seems to make it clear that the application cannot rely on
the contents of this memory to be preserved in the absence of signal
delivery (on the abstract machine, excluding implementation-internal
signals) and that we can therefore use it for delivery of signals that
"don't exist" on the abstract machine.

no change is made for SIGTIMER since it is always blocked when used,
and accepted via sigwaitinfo rather than execution of the signal
handler.

src/linux/membarrier.c

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ int __membarrier(int cmd, int flags)
 		__tl_lock();
 		sem_init(&barrier_sem, 0, 0);
 		struct sigaction sa = {
-			.sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
+			.sa_flags = SA_RESTART | SA_ONSTACK,
 			.sa_handler = bcast_barrier
 		};
 		memset(&sa.sa_mask, -1, sizeof sa.sa_mask);

src/thread/pthread_cancel.c

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ void __testcancel()
 static void init_cancellation()
 {
 	struct sigaction sa = {
-		.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO | SA_RESTART,
+		.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO | SA_RESTART | SA_ONSTACK,
 		.sa_sigaction = cancel_handler
 	};
 	memset(&sa.sa_mask, -1, _NSIG/8);

src/thread/synccall.c

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ void __synccall(void (*func)(void *), void *ctx)
 {
 	sigset_t oldmask;
 	int cs, i, r;
-	struct sigaction sa = { .sa_flags = SA_RESTART, .sa_handler = handler };
+	struct sigaction sa = { .sa_flags = SA_RESTART | SA_ONSTACK, .sa_handler = handler };
 	pthread_t self = __pthread_self(), td;
 	int count = 0;