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4 years ago | |
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README.md | 4 years ago | |
autonet.sh | 4 years ago | |
config.sh | 4 years ago | |
sskcp.sh | 4 years ago |
下载 mini.iso 网络安装,或者 debian-10.5.0-amd64-xfce-CD-1.iso 图形安装
注意: 选择中文语言,使用中国大陆镜像,推荐中科大软件源,如果选择默认的官方站速度会很慢;即使选对中科大镜像源在安装过程中 还是会从官方下载证书文件卡住,可以ctrl+alt+f4 切换到后台,ctrl+c停止从官方源下载资源包,不影响系统安装。安装软件选择SSH 方便远程登陆,不要选择xfce或者KDE图形桌面,安装完成后,按下面修改 软件源
sources.list 修改 apt 中科大软件源 配置
# vim /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster main
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster main
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security buster/updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security buster/updates main
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime && echo "Asia/Shanghai" > /etc/timezone
所以建立虚拟vmdk磁盘只分配了2G,方便DD,或者写U盘镜像
# dd指令 语法格式
dd [option] if=file:输入文件名,缺省为标准输入 of=file:输出文件名,缺省为标准输出
测试纯写入性能
dd if=/dev/zero of=test bs=8k count=10000 oflag=direct
测试纯读取性能
dd if=test of=/dev/null bs=8k count=10000 iflag=direct
root@debian:~$ fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 2 GiB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Disk model: VBOX HARDDISK
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x4ea1acbd
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 4192255 4190208 2G 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 4 GiB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Disk model: VBOX HARDDISK
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
root@debian:~$ dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb
记录了4194304+0 的读入
记录了4194304+0 的写出
2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 91.3932 s, 23.5 MB/s
root@debian:~$ mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.44.5 (15-Dec-2018)
/dev/sdb1 contains a ext4 file system
last mounted on / on Tue Sep 15 20:33:12 2020
Proceed anyway? (y,N) y
Creating filesystem with 523776 4k blocks and 131072 inodes
Filesystem UUID: ebe2ce7e-1543-43a7-8df9-0e7596448227
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
mkdir /root/d
mount /dev/sdb1 /root/d
root@debian:~$ df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
udev 102M 0 102M 0% /dev
tmpfs 24M 3.0M 21M 13% /run
/dev/sda1 2.0G 1.3G 621M 67% /
tmpfs 116M 0 116M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
tmpfs 116M 0 116M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 24M 0 24M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 2.0G 6.0M 1.9G 1% /root/d
root@debian:~$ dd if=/dev/sda | gzip > /root/d/image.gz
记录了4194304+0 的读入
记录了4194304+0 的写出
2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 102.968 s, 20.9 MB/s
以 管理员身份 打开命令提示符 CMD 查看一下U盘的 DeviceID【磁盘标识盘】:
wmic diskdrive list brief
使用 VBoxManage 命令生成vmdk文件 usb.vmdk
cd "C:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox"
VBoxManage.exe internalcommands createrawvmdk -filename "C:\VPC\usb.vmdk" -rawdisk \\.\PhysicalDrive3
RAW host disk access VMDK file C:\VPC\usb.vmdk created successfully.
=== usb.vmdk 文件内容 ===
# Disk DescriptorFile
version=1
CID=db9f2dfb
parentCID=ffffffff
createType="fullDevice"
# Extent description
RW 8036352 FLAT "\\.\PhysicalDrive3" 0
# The disk Data Base
#DDB
ddb.virtualHWVersion = "4"
ddb.adapterType="ide"
ddb.geometry.cylinders="7972"
ddb.geometry.heads="16"
ddb.geometry.sectors="63"
ddb.uuid.image="8dcce260-7a5f-462c-878f-01786958e77f"
ddb.uuid.parent="00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"
ddb.uuid.modification="00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"
ddb.uuid.parentmodification="00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"
语法:VBoxManage clonehd 源文件.vmdk 目标文件.img --format RAW
VBoxManage clonehd debian-disk001.vmdk debian10.img --format RAW
0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...50%...60%...70%...80%...90%...100%
Clone medium created in format 'RAW'. UUID: 76294339-5652-45d9-97e0-eab5688aa2aa
ls /lib/modules/4.19.0-10-amd64/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet
3com alteon atheros chelsio emulex huawei mellanox natsemi packetengines sfc sun xircom
8390 amazon broadcom cisco fealnx.ko intel micrel neterion qlogic silan tehuti
adaptec amd brocade dec fujitsu jme.ko microchip netronome rdc sis ti
agere aquantia cavium dlink hp marvell myricom nvidia realtek smsc via
lspci | grep Ethernet
00:03.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82540EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 02)
lsmod
e1000 155648 0
ip addr
2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:d3:49:8d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.111/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global dynamic enp0s3
cat /etc/network/interfaces
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
# The primary network interface
allow-hotplug enp0s3
iface enp0s3 inet dhcp
vim /etc/network/interfaces
### 修改interfaces中的网卡名字enp0s3同 ip addr获得的网卡名字相同
systemctl restart networking.service
# debian系统下重启停止网卡命令
ifdown enp0s3
ifup enp0s3
lspci | grep Ethernet
ni=$(ip addr | grep enp | head -n 1 | awk -F ': ' '{print $2}')
sed -i "s/enp[a-zA-Z0-9]*/${ni}/g" /etc/network/interfaces
ifup $ni
apt install parted
root@debian:~$ partx /dev/sda
NR START END SECTORS SIZE NAME UUID
1 2048 4192255 4190208 2G 4ea1acbd-01
root@debian:~$ parted
(parted) help
print 显示分区表,可用设备,可用空间,所有找到的分区或特定分区
quit 退出程序
resizepart NUMBER END 调整分区号
rm NUMBER 删除分区
其他详细命令
https://www.howtoing.com/parted-command-to-create-resize-rescue-linux-disk-partitions/
apt search ntfs-3g # 搜索工具在哪个安装包
apt install ntfs-3g
使用语法:mount -t ntfs-3g 分区设备文件名 挂载点
查找分区的设备文件名:fdisk -l
执行挂载:mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sdb1 /mnt/usb
访问数据:ls -l /mnt/usb
卸载:umount /mnt/usb
umount -a 全卸载挂载
处理方法是调用update-alternatives强制Debian用iptables而不是nftables。
sudo update-alternatives --set iptables /usr/sbin/iptables-legacy
# for ipv6
sudo update-alternatives --set ip6tables /usr/sbin/ip6tables-legacy
vim /etc/default/locale
# 英文显示
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
# 中文显示
LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LANGUAGE="zh_CN:zh"
######### Debain config.sh ###########
#!/bin/bash
en_US()
{
cat <<EOF >/etc/default/locale
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
EOF
echo -e "Please log in again on Debian tty1"
}
zh_CN()
{
cat <<EOF >/etc/default/locale
# 中文显示
LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LANGUAGE="zh_CN:zh"
EOF
echo -e "Please log in again on Debian tty1"
}
autonet()
{
# 自动修改interfaces 网卡自动加载
lspci | grep Ethernet
ni=$(ip addr | grep enp | head -n 1 | awk -F ': ' '{print $2}')
sed -i "s/enp[a-zA-Z0-9]*/${ni}/g" /etc/network/interfaces
ifup $ni
}
# 设置菜单
start_menu()
{
echo -e ":: DEBIAN LOCALE LANGUAGE SETTINGS & Modify Interfaces"
read -p ":: Please enter the number <1>:English <2>:Chinese :: <8> AutoModify Interfaces " num_x
case "$num_x" in
1)
en_US
;;
2)
zh_CN
;;
8)
autonet
;;
esac
}
start_menu
#################################################